Connections

July 2009

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July 10, 2009

Feeling the Heat: The Effects of Performance Pressure on Teams' Knowledge Use and Performance

Worth reading (especially if you have a techno-centric view of collaboration) - additional information and download information on the HBS Working Knowledge site:

Executive Summary:

Why do teams often fail to use their knowledge resources effectively even after they have correctly identified the experts among them? Project teams are a prominent feature of the knowledge-based economy, and member expertise has long been recognized as an important resource that can greatly affect team performance, but only to the extent that it is accurately recognized and used to accomplish the objective. The step between recognizing others' expertise and then actually applying it to achieve a collective outcome, however, is highly problematic: Even when individuals know who holds relevant task expertise, they are often unwilling or unable to give the experts appropriate influence over the group process and outcomes. HBS professor Heidi K. Gardner takes a multidisciplinary approach to develop theory explaining how interpersonal dynamics in teams affect members' use of each other's distinct knowledge, ultimately leading to differential performance outcomes. Key concepts include:

  • Teams facing significant performance pressures tend to default to high-status members at the expense of using team members with deep knowledge of the client, with detrimental effects on team performance.
  • The more important the project, the less effective the team: Excessive performance pressure results in the team reverting to less effective ways of divvying up influence over its end product, in turn leading to lower performance ratings for the whole team.
  • Team process is important in enabling organizations to harness knowledge resources for the benefit of maintaining strong relations with their clients.

Feeling the Heat: The Effects of Performance Pressure on Teams' Knowledge Use and Performance — HBS Working Knowledge

May 29, 2009

For Those Caught In The Wave...

There is a great deal of "irrational exuberance" about Google Wave in the news right now given its current state (pre-beta). While prognostications on how it will derail existing solutions make for good press coverage, such statements should be viewed as part of the natural enthusiasm when something creative and innovative comes along.  This is a ways off... 

My skepticism concerns Google’s ability to execute over time (e.g., building in security and management capabilities) if they are serious about Wave being an enterprise solution. However, it is clearly a disruptive approach to current market players and one that entrenched vendors with large revenue streams to protect would never have undertaken.

Google info:

Went Walkabout. Brought back Google Wave.

Introducing the Google Wave APIs: what can you build?

Google Wave Federation Protocol

Google Wave API

Google Wave Videos

Other related articles:

Google Wave Drips With Ambition. A New Communication Platform For A New Web.

Exclusive: Video Interview With The Google Wave Founders

Live With The Google Wave Creators

Google Wave: A Complete Guide

Sergey Brin: Google Wave Will Set A New Benchmark For Interactivity

Google Wave: Google Tries to Reinvent Email

February 04, 2009

HBS Working Knowledge: Virtual Teams

The citation link will bring you to the page where you can download the PDF. Worth scanning...

Virtual Team Learning: Reflecting and Acting, Alone or With Others

Authors:
Deborah L. Soule and Lynda M. Applegate

Abstract

This paper examines virtual team learning in new product development situations. New product development activities manifest novelty, uncertainty and complexity, presenting an extreme need for learning in the course of the work. We present data from an exploratory study of learning processes in globally dispersed new product development teams. These qualitative data are used to investigate components of team learning previously highlighted in the team learning literature—namely reflection-oriented and action-oriented behaviors—and to examine the boundaries of these learning behaviors. We find that effective virtual teams, like co-located teams, engage in both reflective and action-oriented learning behaviors. However, the virtual context highlights distinct participation strategies in teams' learning patterns, which aim to leverage deep, specialist knowledge, on one hand, or seek to integrate diverse knowledge, on the other hand. Moreover, our findings suggest that, in the virtual setting, the boundary of team membership is not centrally associated with different learning behaviors and outcomes, as argued in other team learning research. Instead, virtual team learning behaviors are likely to be shaped by boundaries that delimit timely access to relevant knowledge and skill. In conclusion, we discuss implications for future virtual team learning research.

First Look: February 3, 2009 — HBS Working Knowledge

January 05, 2009

Why History Is Relevant To The Future Of Collaboration

As I read this post by Dick Hirsch on the ESME blog, it reminded me how important it is to put technology into an historical context at times. The quote "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" seems relevant. Far too often, when I read lofty articles on the current crop of "right answers" (blogs, wikis, social networks), it get the impression that people are unaware of the history being collaboration tools - we tend to focus on "the shiney new thing". Sometimes, you get the impression that collaboration tools are either something new (they're not), or that past attempt to improve collaboration via e-mail, forums, etc were failures (which is an over-simplistic argument - at the time, these tools garnered similar praise as today's 2.0 tools). A decade from now we might look at wikis with the same disdain as we do today with email.

While it's important to avoid locking yourself into the past, or letting the past bias your view of current and emerging tools, it is also important to avoid forgetting about the historical lineage of collaboration tools and the complex problems those tools attempted to address. What's insightful about this post is the realization and acknowledgement that the past is relevant to the future (when it comes to micro-blogging in this case). I wish such a perspective was adopted by more "2.0" vendors - such insight might be the difference between surviving (Lotus Notes has shown that older solutions can adapt and evolve over time) - or not (as in the case of DEC and VAX Notes).  

What the story about VAXNotes tells us : ESME

Dennis Howlett recently sent the ESME team a link to a long article about VAXNotes which was a collaboration tool that was active in the 1980’s (!) at  Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). I was reading this article and had a real case of Deja Vue.  The article provides an excellent description of the use cases involved in the use of the tool as well as the corporate culture that was necessary for its widespread usage within DEC.

As I read this article, I realized that many of the use cases that micro-blogging tools are meant to solve are actually problems that have been around a long time .....

Thus, microblogging tool vendors should examine in more detail knowledge management research and the associated case studies to get a better feeling for these requirements. Although we always assume that such vendors are on the cutting edge of the technology, the problems that they hope to solve have been around for a long time.  

What the story about VAXNotes tells us : ESME

The Camelot of collaboration

The case of VAX Notes

Before knowledge management, there was a company in which a collaboration technology transformed how its employees worked in a way that today’s CKOs can only dream of. Patti Anklam describes the technology and the environment it enabled, one in which employees across the world relied on the existence of communities for business, professional and personal support.

Imagine. You work in a global high-tech company with more than 100,000 people. Research and product development organisations are distributed around the world, as are the sales, marketing, and technical support groups that interface with customers. There are many complex products at varying stages in their life cycles. You have been in the company for a month, and a customer has just asked you a question about the technical capabilities of a product you haven’t even heard of. You promise the customer an answer by the next day. You are 95 per cent certain you will have the answer.

This scenario has been discovered, revealed and addressed by many vendors working in the knowledge management arena – and for good reason. The ability to find a subject matter expert quickly and get the answer to a question or assistance in solving a problem, is a key KM priority. It saves time (and money), enhances customer relationships and ensures that knowledge transfer happens to the right person at the right time. And yet we also know that tools are not the whole answer. Even the best tools will not give you a return on investment unless the employees of the company are committed to helping one another.

Employees of Digital Equipment Corporation worked in an environment that got this combination of technology and culture about right, back in the 1980s. The technology was a simple collaboration tool called Notes[1] that ran on Digital’s worldwide network, supported by the company’s VAX/VMS[2] software development tools group. Among the people who worked at Digital during that time, the nostalgia for that tool and the culture it enabled (and that enabled its success) assumes Camelot-esque proportions. Ask them what they want in a knowledge management system and they simply say, ‘Give us VAX Notes!’

This article looks at the success factors – the technological infrastructure and cultural conditions, the adoption patterns, and the tipping points – for VAX Notes.

The Camelot of collaboration: The case of VAX Notes - Inside Knowledge

August 27, 2008

Cisco Finds New Path Towards Collaboration

Moving into adjacent markets takes time – more than people might expect – in the news items below, Cisco continues to transition from unified communications into a more traditional collaboration space. What’s next? I imagine a more definitive move in the Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0 arena that leverages WebEx Connect as another SaaS/cloud option.

Cisco Announces Intent to Acquire PostPath

Why PostPath you ask? ………….The company extends Cisco’s Collaboration Platform through a Linux-based email, calendaring and collaboration software solution.  These additions clearly augment Cisco’s Saas based WebEx Connect Collaboration Platform which currently includes- Instant Messaging, Wikis, Web 2.0 applications, Teamspaces and Document Sharing. 

In addition, PostPath’s email and calendaring software has:
--native compatibility with Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange.
--compatibility with mobile clients such as Blackberry and ActiveSync.

Upon the closing of the acquisition, PostPath is expected to become part of Cisco’s Collaboration Software Group and integrated with WebEx Connect and Cisco’s Unified Communications portfolios.

Take a closer listen to the announcement and details of the acquisition on the Cisco Analyst Relations Podcast website:
http://www.cisco.com/go/arpodcasts

Analyst Relations

Building upon its commitment to provide a comprehensive collaboration portfolio, Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) today announced its intent to acquire privately held PostPath, Inc., a provider of innovative email and calendaring software. Based in Mountain View, Calif. with additional development operations in Sofia, Bulgaria, PostPath will enhance the existing email and calendaring capabilities of Cisco's WebEx Connect collaboration platform.

In today's fast-paced business environment, effective, adaptive collaboration is critical to creating and sustaining a competitive advantage. With PostPath's software, Cisco will extend the e-mail and calendar functionality of its flexible software-as-a-service (SaaS)-based collaborative platform that includes instant messaging, voice, video, data, document management and Web 2.0 applications. This combination will enable customers to use collaboration to accelerate business processes, within and between businesses.

Cisco Announces Definitive Agreement to Acquire PostPath

March 24, 2008

Share - Or Else...

Including information sharing skills and competencies as one facet of a review process is usually a good thing but it cannot be the only practice to encourage a more participatory environment. If improved information sharing was made possible simply through inclusion as a metric within performance evaluations we would have solved this problem decades ago. It's more complicated. But - when implemented properly, this can be a valid institutional approach. 

If federal employees do not personally adopt a policy of sharing intelligence information, they may soon face a poor performance review, the government's top information-sharing czar warned Monday at an intelligence conference.

Thomas McNamara, program manager for the Information Sharing Environment, told an audience gathered at the annual Department of Defense Intelligence Information System Conference that a mandate to share information that the intelligence community follows should be extended governmentwide.

If members of the intelligence community hinder the sharing of information with colleagues, managers can include such actions in annual performance reviews. McNamara said the same disincentive to not share information should be applied to all government employees so that the culture shifts from one based on "need to know" to "need to share."

"It would be a disaster for the country" if the culture of information sharing did not permeate all federal agencies, said McNamara, whom President Bush appointed in 2006 as head of information sharing, a job established by the 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Protection Act.

Information czar calls for performance reviews to include sharing (3/18/08) -- www.GovernmentExecutive.com

March 18, 2008

Getting People On The Same Page

A challenge for many large organizations and not just vendors:

Tim O'Brien must have one of the more difficult jobs at Microsoft. As senior director of Microsoft Platforms, he is tasked with getting different parts of Microsoft to dance to the same tune. "Part of my role in the company is to help groups understand what the paths are," O'Brien said during an interview at Mix '08 earlier this month. "If the groups are heading down random paths, at the risk of oversimplification, we try to get on a common trajectory."

It sounds like a herding cats job. Microsoft has multiple platforms and agendas, and strong personalities. "The evangelism organization was conceived to get people to adopt technology when it doesn't necessarily seem rational, when there are no tools or documentation. Evangelism can help envision the possibilities. My role is to look at up and coming technology in the product groups and piece together an end-to-end story for developers and create a call to action," O'Brien explained.

Herding cats at Microsoft | Outside the Lines - CNET News.com

March 11, 2008

Unlocking the DNA of the Adaptable Workforce

Worth reading this blog post summarizing a panel session at the Human Capital Institute Summit. One word repeats itself several times - "collaboration":

As our panel of experts, Bill Craib VP of HCI Communities, Amy Lewis, Director of the Talent Acquisition Community, Joy Kosta, Director HCI Communities and Christine Abbatiello, Director of the Talent Strategy Community all from the Human Capital Institute settle in, the room grows full.

These experts are speaking today about: “Unlocking the DNA of the Adaptable Workforce”. This session is being moderated by Denis Brousseau, Partner, IBM Global Business Services. IBM is also sponsoring this session, you can feel the excitement as the discussion prepares to start!

Experts discuss "Unlocking the DNA of the Adaptable Workforce" at the Human Capital Institute Summit. « 2008 Human Capital Summit Blog

February 23, 2008

Organizational Effectiveness

Came across my feeds, several interesting points:

IBM CIO Interaction Channel

The new collaboration: Enabling innovation, changing the workplace

While companies see the value of innovation, they frequently fail to put the right tools in place to support those goals. The new collaboration will be built on technologies that enable easy knowledge sharing outside the firewall.

Achieving tangible business benefits with social computing

By collecting and sharing the knowledge scattered throughout departments, companies can better leverage this collective intelligence within the enterprise.

People and innovation: Getting ideas on the table

Many organizations find it difficult to engage their people in the innovation process. Where should they start?

IBM - CIO Interaction Channel - Organizational Effectiveness - Research and insights

February 13, 2008

Novell Acquires SiteScape - Will It Make A Difference?

This was obvious since the OEM agreement last year. I remain skeptical. On paper, this can be viewed as being "conceptually perfect" - SiteScape has always been noted in the industry for having powerful functionality but for a variety of reasons, the platform never gained large market traction or mindshare. Novell, with its Groupwise platform, was once a collaboration powerhouse alongside IBM and Microsoft back in the nineties. But again, for a variety of reasons, the Groupwise platform has lost market traction and mindshare - at least in the medium-to-large enterprise space that I am familiar with.

ICEcore - an open source effort - has seen little activity at all. It's tough to imagine developers getting excited about an open source effort to improve a platform that is already feature-rich. When I think about this open source effort compared to Zimbra or others it still seems very much in the back of the pack.

The only tactics I can see here to turn things around would be:

  • Novell aggressively pushes the SaaS aspects of SiteScape (WebWorkZone)
  • Novell becomes very clear on the roadmap for Groupwise / SiteScape alignment and/or convergence
  • Novell partners with someone in need of collaboration technology (my best guess would be perhaps Cisco and its WebEx Connect efforts)
  • Novell develops a consumer/SoHo/small business angle here similar to other hosted offerings such as Basecamp, Huddle, etc.
  • Consider integrating with Google Apps

February 13, 2008: Novell Delivers Open Collaboration with SiteScape Acquisition

Novell today announced it has acquired SiteScape, a leader in open source team collaboration, extending Novell's leadership in, and commitment to, innovative and open collaboration solutions. SiteScape, the founder of the ICEcore open source collaboration project, brings impressive team workspace and real-time collaboration capabilities to Novell – key components of a broad unified communications and collaboration strategy. The melding of the two firms creates the industry's clear leader in open, enterprise-strength collaboration and social networking offerings, giving customers powerful, flexible ways to integrate new communications technologies into their environment and drive employee productivity and business innovation.

.....

Founded in 1995, SiteScape provides collaborative solutions for communication and management for distributed teams across a wide range of business and government customers. SiteScape's integrated Web-based solutions support knowledge management, project management, communities of practice, telework, business and government continuity, and many other workflow-driven functions. Long a leader in enterprise e-mail with GroupWise®, Novell partnered with SiteScape in 2007 to add to its collaboration portfolio with Novell® Teaming + Conferencing, a team workspace and real-time conferencing solution centered on the ICEcore open source technology. Consistent with Novell's commitment to interoperabilty, Novell Teaming + Conferencing runs on both Linux* and Windows*, and works with Lotus Notes* and Microsoft Exchange*, in addition to GroupWise. These team workspaces, accessible securely by team members both inside and outside the company, incorporate multiple integrated collaboration tools, including blogs, wikis, instant message, chat, voice over IP and web conferencing, providing the powerful core of a unified communications and collaboration solution. By now acquiring SiteScape, Novell strengthens its commitment to the technology, gains the flexibility to create the solutions customers and partners need, and increases its capacity to deliver even more innovation and interoperability around open collaboration.

Novell Delivers Open Collaboration with SiteScape Acquisition

February 14, 2007: Novell Strengthens Workgroup Portfolio with Team Workspace and Real-Time Collaboration Offerings

Novell has entered an OEM licensing agreement with SiteScape (www.sitescape.com) – an innovator in software that integrates team workspaces with presence-based, real-time collaboration – to offer these new products. The Novell offerings are expected to be available later this year, and product names will be announced at a later date.

Novell Strengthens Workgroup Portfolio with Team Workspace and Real-Time Collaboration Offerings